La Fundación GenesisCare es una entidad privada sin ánimo de lucro al servicio de la sociedad en la lucha contra el cáncer.
La actividad docente de la Fundación GenesisCare se integra y coordina con la actividad clínico-asistencial e investigadora, involucrando a todos los profesionales de GenesisCare, así como a grandes expertos. La Fundación aporta los recursos necesarios para potenciar la formación de los profesionales que trabajan en el campo de la Oncología, como un requisito imprescindible para mejorar la calidad asistencial.
La investigación como vía de mejora de los tratamientos y de la supervivencia frente al cáncer es otro de los ejes en los que se centra la Fundación GenesisCare. A través de distintos canales promueve proyectos de investigación y actividades científicas, realiza estudios dirigidos a evaluar el impacto y los resultados del tratamiento del cáncer, así como de los efectos secundarios y la calidad de vida del paciente.
Desde la Fundación GenesisCare se potencia la actividad investigadora de nuestros profesionales, fomentando la divulgación de sus avances.
El éxito en el tratamiento contra el cáncer sólo se puede conseguir dedicando una cantidad importante de recursos para alcanzar adelantos terapéuticos.
Elgendy M, Fusco JP, Segura V, Lozano MD, Minucci S, Echeveste JI, Gurpide A, Andueza M, Melero I, Sanmamed MF, et al.
Int J Cancer. 2019, Oct 1; 145-7. Doi: 10.1002/ ijc.32256. Epub 2019 Mar 30
Abstract
Sunitinib is one of the most widely used targeted therapeutics for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but acquired resistance against targeted therapies remains a major clinical challenge. To dissect mechanisms of acquired resistance and unravel reliable predictive biomarkers for sunitinib in RCC, we sequenced the exons of 409 tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes in paired tumor samples from an RCC patient, obtained at baseline and after development of acquired resistance to sunitinib. From newly arising mutations, we selected, using in silico prediction models, six predicted to be deleterious, located in G6PD, LRP1B, SETD2, TET2, SYNE1, and DCC. Consistently, immunoblotting analysis of lysates derived from sunitinib-desensitized RCC cells and their parental counterparts showed marked differences in the levels and expression pattern of the proteins encoded by these genes. Our further analysis demonstrates essential roles for these proteins in mediating sunitinib cytotoxicity and shows that their loss of function renders tumor cells resistant to sunitinib in vitro and in vivo. Finally, sunitinib resistance induced by continuous exposure or by inhibition of the six proteins was overcome by treatment with cabozantinib or a low-dose combination of lenvatinib and everolimus. Collectively, our results unravel novel markers of acquired resistance to sunitinib and clinically relevant approaches for overcoming this resistance in RCC.
Soria B, Martin-Montalvo A, Aguilera Y, Mellado-Damas N, López-Beas J, Herrera-Herrera I, López E, Barcia JA, Alvarez-DoladoM, Hmadcha A, Capilla-González V.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 16. Mayo 2019 doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00204
eCollection 2019
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a highly effective tool for the treatment of brain cancer. However, radiation also causes detrimental effects in the healthy tissue, leading to neurocognitive sequelae that compromise the quality of life of brain cancer patients. Despite the recognition of this serious complication, no satisfactory solutions exist at present. Here we investigated the effects of intranasal administration of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a neuroprotective strategy for cranial radiation in mice. Our results demonstrated that intranasally delivered hMSCs promote radiation-induced brain injury repair, improving neurological function. This intervention confers protection against inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss. hMSC administration reduces persistent activation of damage-induced c-AMP response element-binding signaling in irradiated brains. Furthermore, hMSC treatment did not compromise the survival of glioma-bearing mice. Our findings encourage the therapeutic use of hMSCs as a non-invasive approach to prevent neurological complications of radiotherapy, improving the quality of life of brain tumor patients.
Fondevilla A, López-Guerra JL, García Fernández A, Samaniego Conde MA, Belmonte González MJ, Praena-Fernández JM, Rivin del Campo E, Alcaraz M, Azinovic I.
Clin Trans Oncol. 2019; 21: 881–90. PMID: 30506131 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1995-0
Abstract
Purpose:
The present work aims at evaluating intensity-modulated radiation therapy with simultaneous integrated boost (IMRT-SIB) in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the larynx and hypopharynx.
Methods/patients: We performed a single institutional retrospective analysis on 116 pharyngo (29%)-laryngeal (71%) SCC patients (93% male) treated with IMRT-SIB to 66-69.96 Gy in 33 fractions between 2008 and 2016. Those who underwent surgery (54%) received adjuvant radiation of 66 Gy at 2 Gy/fraction to the surgical bed. 16 patients (14%) were treated for a local recurrence after prior surgery. High-risk lymph node regions received 59.4 Gy at 1.8 Gy/fraction and low risk regions 54.12 Gy at 1.64 Gy/fraction. The median age was 60 years and 95% of patients had an ECOG performance status 0-2. Most had advanced stage disease (III 22%, IV 74%). Chemotherapy was delivered in 74% of cases.
Results:
Median follow-up was 32 months. Two and three-year overall survival for all patients was 87% and 82%, respectively. There were 28 (24%) locoregional recurrences and 19 (16%) distant failures. Grade 3 mucositis, dermatitis, and xerostomy were observed in 12%, 10%, and 3%, respectively. A longer IMRT-SIB overall treatment time was associated with a higher risk of mortality (HR 1.09, CI 1.01-1.17, P = 0.02). Postoperative IMRT-SIB associated with a significantly lower risk of any recurrence (HR 0.34, CI 0.18-0.64, P = 0.001) and higher local control (HR 0.06, CI 0.01-0.24, P < 0.01). Additionally, it associated with a lower risk of mucositis (P = 0.029) compared with definitive radio (chemo) therapy.
Conclusions:
IMRT-SIB is a safe and feasible radiation treatment technique for pharyngo-laryngeal SCC patients with a tolerable acute toxicity profile.
García González D, Pérez Bilbao T, de la Torre-Luque A, López E, García-Foncillas J, San Juan A.
Archivos de Medicina del Deporte 2020; 37(2): 125-135.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of long-term morbidity and death among cancer survivors, after second malignancies. Preventing cancer treatment-induced cardiotoxicity (CTC) constitutes a crucial endpoint in oncology, from oncology treatment implementation. The American Association of Clinical Oncology has recently highlighted the role of physical exercise as an essential component of co-adjuvant cancer treatment and cancer survivor care programs. Exercise training may protect from cardiotoxicity on a molecular and physiological basis. Two major types of training in this field are: cardiovascular and resistance/strength training. Little is known about the effects of these modalities of exercise on CTC. This narrative review aimed to gather evidence and extract conclusions about the effectiveness of exercise training on CTC. To do so, we reviewed scientific literature under a sophisticated approach in line with the PRISMA project guidelines. Studies on physical training exercise effects and cardiac-related measures throughout the cancer stages (cancer treatment and survivorship) were selected.
Data collection comprised extracting information of study features, exercise training characteristics and related effects. As a result, 1087 studies were retrieved from database search and 33 studies were selected, comprising 2778 participants. Most of the studies (n = 29) examined the effects of cardiovascular training on CTC. No studies analysed the effects of resistance-based training. We observed a lack of systematic effect of exercise across studies due to the high heterogeneity (e.g., many studies did not follow the guidelines for training interventions in cancer settings). However, studies combining both cardiovascular and resistance components showed promising results. To sum up, higher adherence to clinical guides should be encouraged to implement physical exercise interventions in medical settings and to ensure intervention effectiveness. Moreover, personalized protocols and routines should be implemented in Cardio-Oncology Rehabilitation Units. Finally, it is mandatory to avoid physical inactivity in patients with cancer.
Álvaro Flores Sánchez, Jorge Contreras Martínez, Remedios Priego.
Translational Cancer Research (Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Advanced Age), Vol 9, Supplement 1 (January 2020)
Abstract
Background:
Elderly patients are usually frail and cannot attend a prolonged radiotherapy course. Many of them undergo mastectomy to avoid adjuvant radiotherapy thinking that they are not going to complete at least 15 fractions. Many studies have suggested hypofractionated radiotherapy in 5 days. We would like to describe the treatment completion rates and toxicity of 5 fractions of 520 cGy delivered within one week in patients over 70 years old treated with tumorectomy.
Methods:
Between June 2016 and May 2019 we have analyzed retrospectively 23 patients treated with lumpectomy plus 5 fractions adjuvant radiotherapy. All patients had negative SLNB and aged between 70 and 93 years old. After finishing the RT treatment, follow up was made at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and a year. This follow up was based on an interview and physical examination.
Results:
Independently of their age, the treatment completion rate was 100%. Every patient finished the whole treatment with no interruptions. Regarding cosmetic or toxicity outcomes within one year, there was only one patient with grade I radiation induced dermatitis and 2 patients with pruritus.
Conclusions:
Five fractions schedule within one week is well tolerated with no important severe side effects after one year. Elderly patients appreciate to make as short as possible the number of fractions, decreasing the number of days days they have to come to clinic, improving patient satisfaction and treatment completion rates.
De la Torre-Luque A, Cerezo MV, López E, Sibole JV.
Behavioral Psychology-Psicología Conductual
December 2020. Behavioral Psychology-Psicología Conductual 28(3):533-549
Abstract
Breast cancer constitutes a challenge for survival and wellbeing. Emotional distress may persist many years after cancer being cured. This study aimed to analyse how emotional symptomatology was present in breast cancer survivors. Additionally, it aimed to study the role of sleep difficulty and worry on symptom maintenance. A sample of 206 women (M= 56.07 years, SD= 11.56) was selected to form four groups: healthy controls, breast cancer patients, short-term and long-term survivors. Emotional distress, worry and sleep problems were assessed. Long-term survivors showed significantly higher levels of anxiety (p< .05). Anxiety was predicted by worry for all groups but with higher variance in long-term survivors (R 2 adj= .47). Insomnia and age predicted depression in this group (R 2 adj= .40). To conclude, long-term emotional distress was observed even after the threat of cancer passed. Our findings confirm the need to extend supportive care to meet survivors’ needs. KEY WORDS: anxiety, breast cancer, survivor, depression, sleep, pathological worry.
Miguel Hernández-Bronchud.
January 2020 .Journal of Science Humanities and Arts – JOSHA, 2020; 7(3) DOI: 10.17160/josha.7.3.677
Abstract
The links between architecture and the sciences are as old as both of these human achievements. But modern scientific thought and methods are far more recent than architecture. On 30th November, 1660, Christopher Wren (the architect of Saint Paul’s cathedral in London, among other endeavours) delivered a lecture at one of the regular meetings of the natural philosophers who used to meet at Gresham College in the City of London, and at that meeting it was decided to form a society for the promotion of ‘Physico-Mathematical Experimental Learning’. Two years later, King Charles II granted the new body his personal imprimatur in the form of a charter, and so the Royal Society was born. Today the Royal Society is the United Kingdom’s National Academy of Science, and it recently celebrated its 350th anniversary. The Catalan architect Antoni Gaudi was more interested in geometry and God than in scientific research, but he conceived a large part of his Sagrada Familia in 1911 when seriously ill with brucellosis (also known as Malta fever, or Mediterranean fever). His obsession with the Alpha and the Omega (the Beginning and the End) is patently visible in many of his works. Here we briefly review its impact on his masterpiece in Barcelona, and a certain symbolic conceptual parallelism with the hypothesis that some placental immune escape mechanisms (physiologically leading to Birth) may perhaps be redeployed by cancerous cells to avoid immune vigilance (pathologically leading to Death).
Goldbrunner R, Weller M, Regis J, Lund-Johansen M, Stavrinou P, Reuss D, Evans DG, Lefranc F, Sallabanda K et al.
Neuro Oncol 2020, 22 (1): 31-45.
Abstract
The level of evidence to provide treatment recommendations for vestibular schwannoma is low compared with other intracranial neoplasms. Therefore, the vestibular schwannoma task force of the European Association of Neuro-Oncology assessed the data available in the literature and composed a set of recommendations for health care professionals. The radiological diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma is made by magnetic resonance imaging. Histological verification of the diagnosis is not always required. Current treatment options include observation, surgical resection, fractionated radiotherapy, and radiosurgery. The choice of treatment depends on clinical presentation, tumor size, and expertise of the treating center. In small tumors, observation has to be weighed against radiosurgery, in large tumors surgical decompression is mandatory, potentially followed by fractionated radiotherapy or radiosurgery. Except for bevacizumab in neurofibromatosis type 2, there is no role for pharmacotherapy.
Sallabanda K, Yañez L, Sallabanda M, Santos M, Calvo FA, Marsiglia H.
Cureus 2019, 11 (12): e6527.
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGG) are the most frequent primary central nervous system tumors; treatment of HCGs includes surgery and post-operative conformal radiotherapy associated with temozolomide (TMZ or procarbazine/lomustine/vincristine [PCV], specifically in patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas or anaplastic oligoastrocytomas). However, recurrence is common. Re-irradiation has been utilized in this setting for years and remains a feasible option, although there is always a concern regarding toxicity. Modern high-precision conformal techniques, including stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), could improve the therapeutic ratio by delivering high biologically equivalent doses while reducing high-dose radiotherapy (RT) to normal brain tissue. In this paper, we present the results obtained after prolonged follow-up in patients who underwent SRS as a treatment for recurrent high-grade gliomas at San Francisco Hospital in Madrid, Spain.
Vladimir Suárez, Elena Moreno-Olmedo, María Pérez, José González, Daniel Rivas, Juan Fusco, Penny Kechagioglou, Escarlata López.
Radiatherapy Et Oncology, May 28, 2020. 148: 267-269
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our healthcare systems and the rapid introduction of new protocols that have been required to keep patients and workforce safe. In order to maintain activity with radiotherapy clinical assistance, we have implemented different measures in our centers from a patient and staff safety perspective.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167814020302978
M. Sallabanda, M.I. García-Berrocal, J. Romero, V. García-Jarabo, M.J. Expósito, D.F. Rincón, I. Zapata, M.R. Magallón.
Clinical and Translational Oncology, 2019
Abstract
Introduction:
To assess treatment outcome and prognostic factors associated with prolonged survival in patients with brain metastases (BM) treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HFSRT).
Methods/patients:
This study retrospectively reviewed 200 patients with 324 BM treated with one fraction (15-21 Gy) or 5-10 fractions (25-40 Gy) between January 2010 and August 2016. 26.5% of patients received whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and 25% initial surgery. Demographics, prognostic scales, systemic and local controls, patterns of relapse and rescue, toxicity, and cause of death were analyzed. A stratified analysis by primary tumor was done.
Results:
Median overall survival (OS) was 8 months from SRS/HFSRT. Breast cancer patients had a median OS of 17 months, followed by renal (11 months), lung (8 months), colorectal (5 months), and melanoma (4 months). The univariate analysis showed improved OS in females (p 0.004), RPA I-II (p < 0.001) initial surgery (p < 0.001), absence of extracranial disease (p 0.023), and good disease control (p 0.002). There were no differences in OS or local control between SRS and HFSRT or in patients receiving WBRT. Among 44% of brain recurrences, 11% were in field. 174 patients died, 10% from confirmed intracranial progression.
Conclusions:
SRS and HSFRT are equally effective and safe for the treatment of BM, with no exceptions among different primary tumors. Disease control, surgery, age, and prognostic scales correlated with OS. However, the lack of survival benefit regarding WBRT might become logical evidence for its omission in a subset of patients.
Kita Sallabanda, Morena Sallabanda, Hernán Dario Barrientos, Iciar Santaolalla, Rafel García.
Cureus 2020 12(4): e7670. DOI 10.7759/cureus.7670
Abstract
Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition in which there is the involvement of the skin innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve. Because of an alteration in the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve, an exaggerated manipulation of the skin by the patient occurs, with secondary ulcers in the affected areas. They are usually unilateral and located mainly at the beginning of the nose wing. There are very few publications in the current literature, so it is in the interest of doctors to know this rare pathology.
